Chief Rabbi

Chief Rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities. Since 1911, through a capitulation by Rabbi Uziel, Israel has had two chief rabbis, one Ashkenazi and one Sephardi.[1]

Cities with large Jewish communities may also have their own chief rabbis; this is especially the case in Israel but has also been past practice in major Jewish centers in Europe prior to the Holocaust. North American cities have rarely had chief rabbis, although some do have them: Montreal, in fact, has two—one for the Ashkenazi community, the other for the Sephardi.

The Chief Rabbi's name is often followed by ABD, which stands for Av Beth Din.

Contents

Chief rabbis by country/region

Albania

Argentina

Sephardi

Ashkenazi

Sergio Bergman

Austria

British Empire and Commonwealth

Ashkenazi Chief Rabbis

Sephardi Hahamim

Bulgaria

Chile

There is not a Chief Rabbi in Chile. The most prominent posek was Rabbi Dovid Raichmain, he left Chile in the 1990s.

China

See chief Rabbis of Hong Kong, China.

Cuba

Cyprus

Denmark[10]

Egypt

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Guatemala

Hungary

Note that this list is out of order.

Iran

Ireland

Israel

The position of chief rabbi of the Land of Israel has existed for hundreds of years. During the mandatory period, the British recognized the chief Rabbis of the Ashkenazi and Sephardi communities, just as they recognized the Mufti of Jerusalem. The offices continued after statehood was achieved. Haredi Jewish groups (such as Edah HaChareidis) do not recognize the authority of the Chief Rabbinate. They usually have their own rabbis who do not have any connection to the state rabbinate.

Under current Israeli law, the post of Chief Rabbi exists in only four cities (Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Beersheba). In other cities there may be one main rabbi to whom the other rabbis of that city defer, but that post is not officially the "Chief Rabbi".

Many of Israel's chief rabbis were previously chief rabbis of Israeli cities.

Sephardi

  • Moshe Galante (the Younger) (1665-1689)
  • Moshe ibn Habib (1689-1696)
  • Moshe Hayun
  • Abraham ben David Yitzhaki (1715-1722)
  • Binyamin Maali
  • Elazar ben Yaacob Nahum (1730-1748)
  • Nissim Mizrahi (1748-1754)
  • Israel Yaacob Algazy (1754-1756)
  • Raphael Samuel Meyuchas (1756-1791)
  • Haim Raphael Abraham ben Asher (1771-1772)
  • Yom Tov Algazy (1772-1802)
  • Moshe Yosef Mordechai Meyuchas (1802-1805)
  • Yaacob Moshe Ayash al-Maghrebi (1806-1817)
  • Jacob Coral (1817-1819)
  • Raphael Yosef Hazzan (1819-1822)
  • Yom Tov Danon (1822-1824)
  • Salomon Moshe Suzin (1824-1836)
  • Yonah Moshe Navon (1836-1841)
  • Yehudah Raphael Navon (1841-1842)
  • Haim Abraham Gagin (1842-1848)
  • Isaac Kovo (1848-1854)
  • Haim Nissim Abulafia (1854-1861)
  • Haim David Hazan (1861-1869)
  • Abraham Ashkenasi (1869-1880)
  • Raphael Meir Panigel (1880-1892)
  • Yaacob Shaul Elyashar (1893-1906)
  • Yaacob Meir (1906)
  • Eliyah Moshe Panigel (1907-1909)
  • Nahman Batito (1909-1911)
  • Moshe Franco (1911-1915)
  • Haim Moshe Elyashar (1914-1915)
  • Nissim Yehudah Danon (1915-1921)
  • Yaacob Meir (1921–1939)
  • Benzion Uziel (1939–1954)
  • Yitzhak Nissim (1955–1973)
  • Ovadia Yosef (1973–1983)
  • Mordechai Eliyahu (1983–1993)
  • Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron (1993–2003)
  • Shlomo Amar (2003–present)

Ashkenazi

Military Rabbinate

Lebanon

Mexico

Morocco

Norway

Panama

Poland

Poland: Armed Forces:

Romania

Russia

Military Rabbinate

Serbia

Singapore

Slovakia

South Africa

Spain

Thailand

Transylvania (before 1918)

Note: The chief rabbi of Transylvania was generally the rabbi of the city of Alba Iulia.

Tunisia

Turkey

Uganda

Ukraine

United States

A chief rabbinate never truly developed within the United States for a number of different reasons. While Jews first settled in the United States in 1654 in New Amsterdam, rabbis did not appear in the United States until the mid-nineteenth century. This lack of rabbis, coupled with the lack of official colonial or state recognition of a particular sect of Judaism as official (e.g. Ottolengui v. Ancker) effectively led to a form of congregationalism amongst American Jews. This did not stop others from trying to create a unified American Judaism, and in fact, some chief rabbis developed in some American cities despite lacking universal recognition amongst the Jewish communities within the cities (for examples see below). However, Jonathan Sarna argues that those two precedents, as well as the desire of many Jewish immigrants to the US to break from an Orthodox past, effectively prevented any effective Chief Rabbi in America.[19]

Uruguay

Venezuela

Sephardi

  • Isaac Cohen

Ashkenazi

Chief rabbis by city

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Antwerp, Belgium

Baltimore, United States

Berlin, Germany

Birobidzhan, Russia

Budapest, Hungary

Caracas, Venezuela

Ashkenazi

Sephardi

Chicago, United States

Frankfurt, Germany

Haifa, Israel

Ashkenazi

Sephardi

Hebron, Israel

Hoboken, United States

Hong Kong, China

Jerusalem, Israel

Sephardi

  • Levi Ibn Habib
  • David Ibn Abi Zimra
  • Moshe Galante I
  • Haim Vital
  • Betzalel Ashkenasi
  • Gedalia Cordovero
  • Isaac Gaon
  • Israel Benjamin
  • Yaacov Tzemah
  • Shemuel Garmison
  • Moshe Galante II (1665-1689)
  • Moshe Ibn Habib (1689-1696)
  • Moshe Hayun
  • Abraham ben David Yitzchaki (1715-1722)
  • Binyamin Maali
  • Elazar ben Yaacob Nahum (1730-1748)
  • Nissim Mizrahi (1748-1754)
  • Israel Yaacob Algazy (1754-1756)
  • Raphael Samuel Meyuchas (1756-1791)
  • Haim Raphael Abraham ben Asher (1771-1772)
  • Yom Tov Algazy (1772-1802)
  • Moshe Yosef Mordechai Meyuchas (1802-1805)
  • Yaacob Moshe Ayash al-Maghrebi (1806-1817)
  • Jacob Coral (1817-1819)
  • Raphael Yosef Hazzan (1819-1822)
  • Yom Tov Danon (1822-1824)
  • Salomon Moshe Suzin (1824-1836)
  • Yonah Moshe Navon (1836-1841)
  • Yehudah Raphael Navon (1841-1842)
  • Haim Abraham Gagin (1842-1848)
  • Isaac Kovo (1848-1854)
  • Haim Nissim Abulafia (1854-1861)
  • Haim David Hazan (1861-1869)
  • Abraham Ashkenasi (1869-1880)
  • Raphael Meir Panigel (1880-1892)
  • Yaacob Shaul Elyashar (1893-1906)
  • Yaacob Meir (1906)
  • Eliyah Moshe Panigel (1907-1909)
  • Nahman Batito (1909-1911)
  • Moshe Franco (1911-1915)
  • Haim Moshe Elyashar (1914-1915)
  • Nissim Yehudah Danon (1915-1921)
  • Yaacob Meir (1921–1939)
  • Chalom Messas (1978–2003)

Ashkenazi

Since Rav Kolitz stepped down for reason of ill health (from which he died within a year), the position of Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem remains vacant.

Edah HaChareidis

Note: The Edah HaChareidis is unaffiliated with the State of Israel. It is a separate, independent religious community with its own Chief Rabbis, who are viewed, in the Haredi world, as being the Chief Rabbis of Jerusalem.

Leiden, Netherlands

Milan, Italy

Montreal, Canada

Ashkenazi

Sephardi

Present Av Beis Din Montreal Rav Binyomin Weiss, head of the city's Vaad Hair.

Moscow, Russia

Munich, Germany

Netherlands - Inter-Provincial Chief rabbinate

New York City, United States

Nové Zámky, Slovakia

Rome, Italy

Rotterdam, Netherlands

Sofia, Bulgaria

St. Louis, Missouri

Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Great Synagogue

Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel

Sephardi

Toronto, Canada

Vienna, Austria

Warsaw, Poland

References

  1. ^ Cameron Brown. "Rabbi Ovadia Yosef And His Culture War In Israel". Meria.idc.ac.il. http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2000/issue4/jv4n4a3.html. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  2. ^ Jerusalem Post, 8 December 2010
  3. ^ "Jewish Travel Advisor". Jewish Travel Advisor. http://www.jewishtraveladvisor.com/kosher-restaurant-dt.php?rn=El%20Pasaje%20Express&ac=Buenos%20Aires&restaurantid=43. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  4. ^ {{cite book|title=Yerushaseinu 5771|url=http://pelorous.totallyplc.com/media_manager/public/76/Early%20Years%20of%20London%20-%20You%20and%20US.pdf
  5. ^ {{cite book|title=Yerushaseinu 5771|url=http://pelorous.totallyplc.com/media_manager/public/76/Early%20Years%20of%20London%20-%20You%20and%20US.pdf
  6. ^ {{cite book|title=Yerushaseinu 5771|url=http://pelorous.totallyplc.com/media_manager/public/76/Early%20Years%20of%20London%20-%20You%20and%20US.pdf
  7. ^ Rabbis of Chilean Masorti Forum meet with Mr. Zeev Bielsky Masorti World
  8. ^ The Virtual Jewish History Tour Cuba Jewish Virtual Library
  9. ^ The Jewish Traveler: Havana Hadassah Magazine
  10. ^ Elsebeth Paikin (2004-05-21). "Rabbis in Denmark - JewishGen Scandinavia SIG". Jewishgen.org. http://www.jewishgen.org/Scandinavia/rabbis.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  11. ^ "Personality of the week: Issachar Berush Eskeles". Beit Hatefutsot. http://www.bh.org.il/NAMES/POW/Eskeles.asp. 
  12. ^ "Weiss, Joseph Hirsch". JewishEncyclopedia.com. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=106&letter=W&search=Weiss%20Chief%20Hungary. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  13. ^ "RootsWeb: WISE-L [WISE] Treasure found - autobiography of Stephen WISE". Archiver.rootsweb.com. 2001-04-28. http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/WISE/2001-04/0988484615. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  14. ^ [1]
  15. ^ "CHIEF RABBI SALANT DIES IN JERUSALEM; Head of the Ashkanezic Congregationalists Was an Eminent Talmudist. A FRIEND OF MONTEFIORE Collected Donations for the Building of New Synagogue Bet Ya'akob -- Favorite of His People". The New York Times. 1909-08-17. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D04E3D6173EE733A25754C1A96E9C946897D6CF. Retrieved 2010-04-28. 
  16. ^ "MOORISH JEWS GRATEFUL.; Chief Rabbi Thanks Us for Our Action at Algeciras Conference". The New York Times. 10 June 1906. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9B02EFDD173EE733A25753C1A9609C946797D6CF. 
  17. ^ "Ukraine's Second Chief Rabbi?". NCSJ. 2003-09-15. http://www.ncsj.org/AuxPages/091503JTA_Ukraine.shtml. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  18. ^ "Ukrainian community split over chief rabbi - Jewish News of Greater Phoenix". Jewishaz.com. 2005-10-28. http://www.jewishaz.com/issues/story.mv?051028+chief. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  19. ^ Sarna, Jonathan (2004). American Judaism: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-300-10976-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ujw_IawuIIgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=chief%20rabbi&f=false. 
  20. ^ a b Bleich, J.D. (1989). Contemporary Halakhic Problems; Volume 16. KTAV Publishing House. pp. 63–4. ISBN 9780881253153. http://books.google.com/books?id=gcvvoN9T9mMC&pg=PA64&dq=%22saul+lowenstam%22&hl=en&ei=DCOYTJyzD4T68AaVnY3zDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22saul%20lowenstam%22&f=false. 
  21. ^ Title page of Malki Ba-Kodesh, vol. 2; Hoboken, 1921
  22. ^ a b "Bnei Brak rabbi named to new beit din post". Web.archive.org. 2006-04-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20060427030621/http://www.cjnews.com/viewarticle.asp?id=7872. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  23. ^ "Frum Jewish News". The Yeshiva World. 2006-11-30. http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/?p=3993#more-3993. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  24. ^ "Grand Rabbinat du Québec". Rabbinat.qc.ca. http://www.rabbinat.qc.ca/. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Jacobs, Joseph; Slijper, E.. "Netherlands". The Jewish Encyclopedia. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=197&letter=N. "The names of the chief rabbis of Rotterdam are: Judah Salomon (1682); Solomon Ezekiel (1725-35; his salary was 305 gulden); Judah Ezekiel, son of the preceding (1738-55); Abraham Judah Ezekiel, son of the preceding (1755-79); Judah Akiba Eger (1779; left in 1781); Levie Hyman Breslau, author of "Pene Aryeh" (1781–1807); Elijah Casriel, from Leeuwarden (1815-33); E. J. Löwenstamm, grandson of L. H. Breslau (1834-45); Joseph Isaacson (1850-71; removed to Filehne as a result of dissensions in the community); B. Ritter (since 1884)." 
  26. ^ {{cite book|title=Jizkor Platenatlas p 37, 1978
  27. ^ Landman, Isaac (1941). The Universal Jewish encyclopedia. 5. "... and the chief rabbi of Rotterdam, Aryeh Leib Breslau (1781–1809)" 
  28. ^ Michman, Jozeph; Beem, Hartog; Michman, Dan (1999). Geschiedenis van de joodse gemeenschap in Nederland [History of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands]. p. 522. "In 1885 werd rabbijn dr Bernard Löbel Ritter tot rabbijn van Rotterdam benoemd." 
  29. ^ a b c Michman, Jozeph; Beem, Hartog; Michman, Dan (1999). Geschiedenis van de joodse gemeenschap in Nederland [History of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands]. p. 526. "Na het ontslag van Ritter in 1928 werd het twee jaar lang waargenomen door de opperrabbijn van Zwolle, Simon JS Hirsch. In 1930 vond de joodse gemeente opperrabbijn Aaron Jissachar (ABN) Davids (1895–1944) van Friesland bereid naar Rotterdam te komen. Hij werd nog datzelfde jaar benoemd." 
  30. ^ a b c d e f Michman, Jozeph; Beem, Hartog; Michman, Dan (1999). Geschiedenis van de joodse gemeenschap in Nederland [History of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands]. p. 531. "Het opperrabinaat werd in de naoorlogse periode waargenomen door de opperrabbijn van Amsterdam Justus Tal (van 1945 tot '54) en vervolgens door chacham SA Rodrigues Pereira (van 1954 tot '59). Vanaf 1946 had rabbijn Levie Vorst (1903-'87) de dagelijkse leiding van de gemeente. Direct na het afleggen van het hoogste rabbinale examen werd hij benoemd tot opperrabijn, hetgeen hij bleef aan tot zijn immigratie naar Israël in 1971. Hij werd opgevolgd door Daniël Kahn (van 1972 tot '75) en Albert Hutterer (van 1975 tot '77). Na diens vertrek heeft Rotterdam het een tijd zonder rabbijn gesteld. Van 1986 tot '88 was Dov Salzmann rabbijn." 
  31. ^ Wednesday, January 12, 2011 12:45 pm (2011-01-12). "Rebbetzin Paula Rivkin remembered as ‘woman of valor’ - St. Louis Jewish Light: Local News - Rebbetzin Paula Rivkin remembered as ‘woman of valor’: Local News". Stljewishlight.com. http://www.stljewishlight.com/news/local/article_b349dea8-1e62-11e0-bc81-001cc4c03286.html. Retrieved 2011-11-09. 
  32. ^ a b Sydney's new Chief Rabbi, David Rutledge, ABC "Religion Report", ABC Online, 1 June 2005, accessed 5 April 2010

External links